What are the common import costs when importing goods from Japan?

When importing goods from Japan, you will need to pay customs duties, merchandise processing fees (MPFs), harbor maintenance fees, and transport costs.

Can I import goods from Japan duty-free?

Yes, personal imports from Japan valued at $800 or less may be entered into the U.S. duty-free. Additionally, the U.S.-Japan trade agreement can reduce or eliminate customs duties on certain industrial and agricultural products.

What is the Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) and how much does it cost?

The MPF is a fee charged by Customs and Border Protection on most goods entering the United States. Informal entries have a fee of $2.53, while formal entries range from a minimum of $31.67 to a maximum of $614.35, with an ad valorem rate of 0.3464%.

How can I calculate the import costs for products from Japan?

To calculate import costs, identify your product's HTS code, multiply its value by the applicable duty rate, MPF, and HMF percentages, and then divide by 100. Use online tools or consult with a customs broker for accurate estimates.

Everything You Need To Know About Import Costs From Japan

There are many Japanese products that are extremely popular amongst American consumers. If you plan on importing these goods and reselling them, you should know the costs you’ll have to pay.

Expert reviewed by Joe Weaver and Jacob Lee

Japan has been a top trading partner of the U.S. for many years, supplying goods like vehicles, machinery, and optical and medical instruments. Like every other country, there are duties and tariffs imposed on their goods. So, before you start importing, you’ll need to be familiar with the expenses that come with importing from Japan.

Key takeaways:

Common import costs you’ll need to pay when importing from Japan include customs duties, MPFs, harbor maintenance fees, and transport costs
Personal imports from Japan valued at $800 or less may be entered into the U.S. duty-free
The trade agreement between the U.S. and Japan can reduce or eliminate the customs duty on industrial and agricultural products
The U.S. is conducting an anti-dumping investigation on melamine from Japan

I’ll take you through the expenses that you’ll need to be aware of when importing products from Japan.

What Costs Will I Have To Pay to Import Japanese Products?

The duties, taxes, and other fees you’ll have to pay when importing goods from Japan to the U.S. will depend primarily on the value of your products and whether your shipment qualifies as a formal or informal entry.

Products imported from Japan for personal use and valued at $800 or less can be imported duty-free, under most circumstances. This is referred to as the De Minimis value.

Additionally, many personal imports, and shipments valued less than $2,500, may be imported as an informal entry. In these cases, CBP will handle the paperwork on your behalf, including assigning your product’s tariff classification number and duty rate.

If you’re importing commercial freight, or cargo valued at $2,500 or more, you would have to file your shipment as a formal entry. A formal entry is much more likely to incur additional fees, such as customs clearance charges, customs bonds, importer security filing fees, and more.

Import Duties

Duties are taxes imposed on goods that cross international borders. In the U.S., Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for ensuring these expenses are paid.

If you want to find the duty rate for your products, simply consult an HTS Lookup Tool, or consult with a customs broker.

Some products from Japan can be imported into the U.S. duty free or at a reduced rate. This is signified by the “JP” marking under the assigned tariff rate and is thanks to a trade agreement between Japan and the U.S.

Merchandise Processing Fees

The CBP charges merchandise processing fees (MPF) on most goods that enter the country. It’s important to note there’s a cost difference for MPFs based on the type of entry. Informal entries are typically very cheap, while formal entries have a minimum and maximum charge.

On October 1st, 2023, CBP increased the amount of MPFs for informal and formal releases. I’ve provided the amounts for each one below.

The graphic is a horizontal bar graph that shows the merchandise processing fees for different types of entry releases. The top bar is dark blue and shows the minimum merchandise processing fee for formal entries is $31.67. The second bar is red and shows the maximum merchandise processing fee for formal entries is $614.35. The third bar is light blue and shows informal entries have a merchandise processing fee of $2.53.

The ad valorem rate for an MPF is 0.3464%. When importing from Japan, you’ll need to factor this extra cost into your budgeting.

Harbor Maintenance Fees

A Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF) will need to be paid if your Japanese products are arriving into the U.S. via vessel. This fee is 0.125% the value of your cargo.

You can avoid the HMF by bringing your Japanese goods into the country via air. However, air transport is exceptionally more expensive than vessel. It’s also not the best option for high volume shipments.

Shipping/Transportation Costs

Speaking of modes of transport, you’ll need to pay the associated expenses to move your freight from Japan to a port in the United States.

For most online purchases or small parcel shipments, you’ll likely arrange shipping and transport costs with the purchasing platform’s shipping provider or an international postal service. In either case, your carrier should let you know what charges to expect.

In the case of a larger shipment or palletized cargo, you’ll likely be looking at containerized ocean transport. Containers typically come in 20-foot and 40-foot options.

I’ve included some estimates on how much it will cost to move these types of containers from the Port of Nagoya in Japan to the Port of Los Angeles in California. I chose these ports due to the high amount of volume or cargo they receive and send.

The graphic is a horizontal bar graph that shows the costs to move a 20 foot and 40 foot container from the Port of Nagoya to the Port of Los Angeles. The first bar is dark blue and shows that moving a 20 foot container from the Port of Nagoya to the Port of Los Angeles will cost between $4,490 — $5,500. The second row is red and shows that moving a 40 foot container from the Port of Nagoya to the Port of Los Angeles will cost $5,540 — $6,760.

There are two ways you can pay for a container shipment. You can pay for it as a full container load (FCL) or as a less than container load (LCL). If you select FCL, you will pay a flat fee for the entire container.

In the case of LCL, you’ll be able share a small portion of the costs for the container with the other importers using it. The best method ultimately comes down to how much cargo you want to bring into the country.

Notably, cargo arriving via ocean transport will require you to submit an Importer Security Filing and purchase a customs bond. The costs for these items vary, but typically fall between $50 and $500, depending on the customs brokerage you choose and whether they are combined.

Another way of importing from Japan is by international air. The Narita International Airport processes and the Los Angeles International Airport processes the highest volume of freight in Japan and the U.S. respectively.

To move one pallet of air cargo that weighs 4,600lbs between these two airports will cost between $11,350 to $14,210. Despite these extraordinarily high expenses, it will take around 10 hours for your freight to arrive.

Does Japan Have Active Antidumping or Countervailing Duties?

Currently, the U.S. doesn’t impose any anti-dumping or countervailing duties on Japanese products. However, there’s a possibility this could change in the future. The U.S. began an anti-dumping investigation in 2023 on melamine from Japan and a few other countries. Melamine is a chemical that’s used in a variety of products.

Their preliminary determinations will be commencing on July 23rd, 2024. If anti-dumping duties are applied to this substance, you can expect a much higher duty rate for this product when importing it from Japan.

Related: Anti-Dumping Duty Rates

How Can the U.S. — Japan Trade Agreement Reduce My Expenses?

Thanks to the U.S. — Japan Trade Agreement (USJTA), certain Japanese goods might have a reduced duty or qualify as duty free. This can save you a considerable amount on your import costs. The agreement applies mostly to agricultural and industrial products. In total, 241 tariff codes are affected.

Some specific products include:

Perennial plants
Green tea
Chewing gum
Soy sauce
Machine tools
Steam turbines
Bicycles
Bicycle parts
Musical instruments

To be eligible for a reduced or eliminated duty rate, you have to follow the rules of origin specified in Annex II of the USJTA. Instead of hunting down the specific requirements yourself, hire one of our Licensed Customs Brokers to help.

How to Calculate Import Costs from Japan

While import duties depend on the type of products you’re importing, we can show you how to calculate these costs when importing from Japan or any other country. The steps are as follows:

First, you will need to find out what the HTS code is for your shipment
Multiply your product’s tariff rate by its total value
Afterward, divide that number by 100

You can also use our free duty calculator and get your estimate that way!

You’ll follow a similar set of steps when finding out how much you’ll need to pay for the MPF.

Multiply the total value of your goods by the ad valorem rate, which is 0.3464%.
Divide the result by 100

The maximum MPF is $614.35, so if your total is higher than that, you will only be charged the maximum.

Calculating the HMF is mostly the same as the duty rate and MPF. The only difference is you’ll be multiplying the total value by 0.125%.

Now that you have an understanding on how import expenses are calculated, I want to give you an example that shows how to perform them using the total value of an import.

For this example, let’s calculate the expenses to import a Japanese SUV with a duty rate of 2.5%. I’ve listed the calculation for each cost.

The graphic shows how to calculate duty rates, merchandise processing fees, harbor maintenance fees. The top row is dark blue and shows how to calculate the duty rate. The second row is red and shows how to calculate the merchandise processing fee. The third row is light blue and shows how to calculate the harbor maintenance fee.

As you can see, the steps to calculate these expenses are the same. The only major difference is what the total value is multiplied against. For the MPF, I rounded up after dividing by 100. This may or may not be necessary based on the math you’ll be performing.

Regardless of the total value of your Japanese goods, you’ll follow the same steps when figuring out each expense. Afterward, you’ll need to add the transportation costs to move your cargo. This will vary based on which one you choose.

Get Help Importing From Japan with USA Customs Clearance

Importing from Japan can be a regulatory nightmare, depending on which products you’re bringing into the country. At USA Customs Clearance, we have a variety of specialists that can provide you with the assistance you need to navigate these hurdles. We also have an array of services you can use to your advantage.

Import/Customs Consulting — Meet with one of our Licensed Customs Brokers to discuss the import requirements for Japanese goods.
Importer of Record Registration — If you’ve never brought goods into the country, you’ll need to get registered with CBP.
Manifest Confidentiality — Protect the details of your supply chain from competitors that are trying to get an edge over you.

Start importing from Japan with one of our services or contact our team through the site to learn more. Our team members can also be reached over the phone at (855) 912-0406.